For example, a fast SSD can be mirrored with a mechanical drive. RAID can also provide data security with solid-state drives (SSDs) without the expense of an all-SSD system.

Most use simple XOR, but RAID 6 uses two separate parities based respectively on addition and multiplication in a particular Galois field or Reed–Solomon error correction. Many RAID levels employ an error protection scheme called ' parity', a widely used method in information technology to provide fault tolerance in a given set of data. Industry manufacturers later redefined the RAID acronym to stand for 'redundant array of independent disks'. A similar approach was used in the early 1960s on the IBM 353. Around 1988, the Thinking Machines' DataVault used error correction codes (now known as RAID 2) in an array of disk drives.at IBM filed a patent disclosing what was subsequently named RAID 5. Around 1983, DEC began shipping subsystem mirrored RA8X disk drives (now known as RAID 1) as part of its HSC50 subsystem.In 1977, Norman Ken Ouchi at IBM filed a patent disclosing what was subsequently named RAID 4.Mirroring (RAID 1) was well established in the 1970s including, for example, Tandem NonStop Systems.Īlthough not yet using that terminology, the technologies of the five levels of RAID named in the June 1988 paper were used in various products prior to the paper's publication, including the following: Although failures would rise in proportion to the number of drives, by configuring for redundancy, the reliability of an array could far exceed that of any large single drive. In their June 1988 paper 'A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)', presented at the SIGMOD Conference, they argued that the top-performing mainframe disk drives of the time could be beaten on performance by an array of the inexpensive drives that had been developed for the growing personal computer market. Gibson, and Randy Katz at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987. The term 'RAID' was invented by David Patterson, Garth A. RAID levels greater than RAID 0 provide protection against unrecoverable sector read errors, as well as against failures of whole physical drives. Each scheme, or RAID level, provides a different balance among the key goals: reliability, availability, performance, and capacity. The different schemes, or data distribution layouts, are named by the word 'RAID' followed by a number, for example RAID 0 or RAID 1. ĭata is distributed across the drives in one of several ways, referred to as RAID levels, depending on the required level of redundancy and performance. This is in contrast to the previous concept of highly reliable mainframe disk drives referred to as 'single large expensive disk' (SLED). RAID ( / r eɪ d/ ' redundant array of inexpensive disks' or ' redundant array of independent disks' ) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both. For other uses, see Raid (disambiguation). For the police unit, see RAID (French Police unit). This article is about the data storage technology.

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